*2023/05/03 15:50:07.13 *IOS HEADER VERSION 2.0 2016/04/28 2016/06/13 IVF16 *FILE START TIME : UTC 2022/10/18 13:55:09.000 TIME INCREMENT : 0 0 0 0.625E-01 0 ! (day hr min sec ms) NUMBER OF RECORDS : 102 DATA DESCRIPTION : CTD FILE TYPE : ASCII CRC : FFE4949A NUMBER OF CHANNELS : 10 $TABLE: CHANNELS ! No Name Units Minimum Maximum !--- -------------------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- 1 Pressure decibar 1 102 2 Depth metres 1.344 100.859 3 Temperature:Primary 'deg C (ITS90)' 9.4154 13.4307 4 Transmissivity %/metre 47 62 5 Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs mg/m^3 0.25E-01 1.1 6 Salinity:T0:C0 PSS-78 30.8813 31.7752 7 Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE mL/L 1.065 4.935 8 Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE umol/kg 46.42846 215.4165 9 Conductivity:Primary S/m 3.41095 3.69865 10 Number_of_bin_records n/a 10 24 $END $TABLE: CHANNEL DETAIL ! No Pad Start Width Format Type Decimal_Places !--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ---- -------------- 1 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 1 2 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 1 3 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 4 -99 ' ' 6 F ' ' 1 5 -99 ' ' 8 F ' ' 3 6 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 7 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 2 8 -99 ' ' 6 F ' ' 1 9 -99 ' ' 10 F ' ' 6 10 ' ' ' ' 5 I I 0 $END $REMARKS This file converted from Sea-Bird file: D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\derive\2022-011-0119.cnv $END *ADMINISTRATION MISSION : 2022-011 AGENCY : IOS,Ocean Sciences Division, Sidney, B.C. COUNTRY : Canada PROJECT : WCVI Juvenile Salmon Survey SCIENTIST : King J. PLATFORM : Nordic Pearl *LOCATION GEOGRAPHIC AREA : WCVI STATION : CS05 EVENT NUMBER : 119 LATITUDE : 49 29.85900 N ! (deg min) LONGITUDE : 126 17.31200 W ! (deg min) WATER DEPTH : 106 *INSTRUMENT TYPE : Sea-Bird CTD MODEL : SBE25plus SERIAL NUMBER : 0251091 $TABLE: SENSORS ! Name Abs Depth Serial No ! --------------------------------- -------------- ---------- Temperature ' ' 6376 Conductivity ' ' 4799 'Pressure:Strain Gauge' ' ' 1091 'Oxygen:SBE 43' ' ' 1483 'Fluorometer:WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL' ' ' 2215 'Transmissometer:WET Labs C-Star' ' ' 1396DR $END $REMARKS 1.0.4 $END *HISTORY $TABLE: PROGRAMS ! Name Vers Date Time Recs In Recs Out ! -------- ------ ---------- -------- --------- --------- SBE_IOS 4.3 2023/04/28 11:01:33 10828 10828 CLEAN 5.3 2023/04/28 11:07:07 10828 10828 CLIP 1.4.1 2023/04/28 14:28:29 10828 7899 SHIFTDAT 3.5 2023/04/28 14:29:26 7899 7899 DELETE 6.3 2023/04/28 14:33:15 7899 2014 CTDEDIT 5.4.0 2023/05/01 11:59:14 2014 1991 FILTERS 4.3 2023/05/03 13:20:59 1991 1991 BINAVE 4.2.1 2023/05/03 13:26:07 1991 102 REMOVECH 8.2 2023/05/03 15:44:43 102 102 CHGUNITS 3.2 2023/05/03 15:49:33 102 102 REORDER 1.3.1 2023/05/03 15:49:46 ? ? HDREDIT2 3.2 2023/05/03 15:50:07 ? ? $END $REMARKS -CLEAN functions: 2023/04/28 11:06:53 20 Reset #RECS, MIN & MAX values in header. Interpolation by Record Number, in Pressure Set event to last 4 characters of file name -The following CLIP parameters were used. Clip by Record Number Limits First, Last Records = 2930, end from event list: clip.csv Time Not Available in File -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Conductivity:Primary [S/m] # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 1.50 Salinity was recalculated after shift -The following DELETE parameters were used: Surface Record Removal: Last Press Min Maximum Surface Pressure (relative): 10.00 Surface Swell Pressure Tolerance: 1.00 Pressure filtered over width: 11 Swells deleted. Warning message if pressure difference of 2.00 Drop rates < 0.30m/s (calculated over 9 points) will be deleted. Drop rate applies in the range 10.00 to 91.94 dbars Sample interval (from FILE section of header) = 0.062 seconds. -CTDEDIT v5.4.0 2023/05/01 11:59:14 23 records were deleted in this editing session. 20 changes in channel Salinity:T0:C0 -The following FILTER parameters were used. Median filter was used. Filter width = 7 The following channel(s) were filtered. Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs:ECO-AFL -The following BINAVE parameters were used: Bin channel = Pressure Averaging interval = 1.00 Minimum bin value = 0.000 Bin value was used Interpolated values were NOT used for empty bins Channel 'NUMBER_OF_BIN_RECORDS' was added to file. -REMOVECH 2023/05/03 15:44:43 The following CHANNEL(S) were removed: Scan_Number Oxygen:Voltage:SBE [volts] Descent_Rate [m/s] Flag -CHANGE units: Temperature reference channel: Temperature:Primary [deg C (ITS90)] Salinity reference channel: Salinity:T0:C0 [PSS-78] 'Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE [mL/L]' changed from mL/L to umol/kg -HEADER EDITS: 2023/05/03 15:50:07 Applied edit header: D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\doc\2022-011-HDR.TXT Channel 1: Pressure [decibar] Format: F9.4 ==> F7.1 Channel 2: Depth [metres] Name: Depth:Salt_Water ==> Depth Format: F10.3 ==> F7.1 Channel 7: Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE [mL/L] Format: F8.3 ==> F7.2 Channel 9: Conductivity:Primary [S/m] Format: F11.6 ==> F10.6 Channel 5: Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs [mg/m^3] Name: Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs:ECO-AFL ==> Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs Channel 4: Transmissivity [%/metre] Name: Transmissivity:1 ==> Transmissivity $END *COMMENTS SBE HEADER 1.0.4 Mar 23 2021 08:54:28 2022-10-18T13:55:06 18.4 0.2 7.3 3.2 0.0 34.2 14.2 33685504 1982529536 467854 27535132 0 0 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc 1.0.4 Mar 23 2021 08:54:28 1.0 2015-02-10T15:16:10 temperature-0 6376 conductivity-0 4799 strain-0 4703328 43 1483 NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE 115200 1 0 ser1 9600 1 S> ts 0 start 254 254 1 3 60 0 ser2 9600 1 S> ts 0 start 254 254 1 3 60 2 1 0 0 3000 45 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 4703328 2022-01-26 1.284737e-01 1.920052e-03 5.501718e-12 -9.109252e+01 4.219488e+01 1.391981e+00 8.418963e+06 -7.627236e+01 3.979222e+00 1.006934e+02 1.550173e-02 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 2022-10-18T13:55:09 # nquan = 12 # nvalues = 10828 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = prdM: Pressure, Strain Gauge [db] # name 2 = depSM: Depth [salt water, m], lat = 49.00 # name 3 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C] # name 4 = c0S/m: Conductivity [S/m] # name 5 = CStarTr0: Beam Transmission, WET Labs C-Star [%] # name 6 = flECO-AFL: Fluorescence, WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL [mg/m^3] # name 7 = sbeox0V: Oxygen raw, SBE 43 [V] # name 8 = dz/dtM: Descent Rate [m/s] # name 9 = sal00: Salinity, Practical [PSU] # name 10 = sbeox0ML/L: Oxygen, SBE 43 [ml/l], WS = 1 # name 11 = flag: flag # span 0 = 1, 10828 # span 1 = -0.088, 101.944 # span 2 = -0.087, 101.054 # span 3 = -13.8936, 13.9721 # span 4 = 0.009544, 3.740795 # span 5 = -0.0340, 92.4123 # span 6 = -0.1440, 16.8576 # span 7 = 0.8185, 2.5431 # span 8 = -1.022, 0.985 # span 9 = 0.0743, 31.7766 # span 10 = -120.7316, 12.2143 # span 11 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00 # interval = seconds: 0.0625 # start_time = Oct 18 2022 13:55:09 [Instrument's time stamp, header] # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # # # # # 6376 # 11-Jan-22 # 1 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000 # 4.38615884e-003 # 6.42025218e-004 # 2.30053075e-005 # 2.16371925e-006 # 1000.000 # 1.00000000 # 0.0000 # # # # # # 4799 # 14-Jan-22 # 1 # # 0.0000 # 2000.0000 # 0 # # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.0 # -9.57000000e-008 # # # -9.98683868e+000 # 1.29022762e+000 # 7.50378717e-004 # 1.11400299e-005 # -9.57000000e-008 # 3.2500e-006 # # 0.00000000e+000 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000 # # # # # # 1091 # 26-Jan-22 # 1.28473665e-001 # 1.92005154e-003 # 5.50171803e-012 # -9.10925205e+001 # 4.21948763e+001 # 1.39198099e+000 # 8.41896306e+006 # -7.62723571e+001 # 3.97922248e+000 # 1.00693415e+002 # 1.55017269e-002 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000000 # # # # # # 1483 # 05-Mar-22 # 1 # # # 0.0000 # 0.0000e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.00e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.0 # # # # 5.4871e-001 # -0.5117 # -3.9501e-003 # 1.2011e-004 # -1.9301e-006 # 2.5826e+000 # 1.92634e-004 # -4.64803e-002 # 3.6000e-002 # 1.7100 #

-3.3000e-002

#

5.0000e+003

#

1.4500e+003

#
#
#
# # # # 2215 # 2018-11-27 # 1.20000000e+001 # # 0.0120 # # # # # # 1396DR # 2020-01-23 # 19.1833 # -0.0384 # 0.250 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# datcnv_date = Apr 28 2023 08:46:22, 7.26.7.129 [datcnv_vars = 9] # datcnv_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Unprocessed\2022-011-0119.xml D:\Telework\202 2-011\Processing\doc\2022-011-ctd.xmlcon # datcnv_skipover = 0 # datcnv_ox_hysteresis_correction = no # wildedit_date = Apr 28 2023 08:54:23, 7.26.7.129 # wildedit_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\convert\2022-011-0119.cnv # wildedit_pass1_nstd = 2.0 # wildedit_pass2_nstd = 5.0 # wildedit_pass2_mindelta = 0.000e+000 # wildedit_npoint = 32 # wildedit_vars = prdM depSM t090C c0S/m # wildedit_excl_bad_scans = yes # wfilter_date = Apr 28 2023 09:17:37, 7.26.7.129 # wfilter_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\wildedit\2022-011-0119.cnv # wfilter_excl_bad_scans = yes # wfilter_action t090C = cosine, 19 # wfilter_action c0S/m = cosine, 19 # alignctd_date = Apr 28 2023 09:19:11, 7.26.7.129 # alignctd_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\wfilter\2022-011-0119.cnv # alignctd_adv = sbeox0V 2.500 # celltm_date = Apr 28 2023 09:20:02, 7.26.7.129 # celltm_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\align\2022-011-0119.cnv # celltm_alpha = 0.0400, 0.0000 # celltm_tau = 8.0000, 0.0000 # celltm_temp_sensor_use_for_cond = primary, # Derive_date = Apr 28 2023 09:21:12, 7.26.7.129 [derive_vars = 2] # Derive_in = D:\Telework\2022-011\Processing\celltm\2022-011-0119.cnv D:\Telewo rk\2022-011\Processing\doc\2022-011-ctd.xmlcon # derive_time_window_docdt = seconds: 1 # derive_ox_tau_correction = yes # file_type = ascii END* Remarks from CTDEDIT: CTDEDIT was used to remove some records corrupted by shed wakes near the top and bottom of the cast; salinity was cleaned. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Data Processing Notes: ---------------------- Oxygen:Dissolved, Transmissivity, Conductivity and Fluorescence:URU:Wetlabs data are nominal and unedited except that some records were removed in editing temperature and salinity. The comparison of dissolved oxygen was limited to 5m where DO values were mostly high. No recalibration was applied due to the limitations of the comparison. This was the second use of this equipment since the sensors were serviced at the factory. Dissolved oxygen is likely reading slightly low. Similarly, no recalibration was applied to salinity due to the small number of samples, all of which came from 5m. Pressure was very accurate at the surface. For details on the processing see document: 2022-011_Processing_Report.doc. !--1--- --2--- ---3---- --4-- ---5--- ---6---- --7--- --8-- ----9---- -10- !Pressu Depth Temperat Trans Fluores Salinity Oxygen Oxyge Conductiv Numb !re ure: missi cence: :T0:C0 : n: ity: er_o ! Primary vity URU: Dissol Disso Primary ~bin ! Wetlabs ved: lved: _rec ! SBE SBE ords !------ ------ -------- ----- ------- -------- ------ ----- --------- ---- *END OF HEADER 1.0 1.3 13.4307 47.0 1.100 30.8813 4.93 215.4 3.698650 10 2.0 2.0 13.2262 47.3 1.082 30.9091 4.63 202.1 3.683827 23 3.0 3.0 13.0193 48.5 1.001 30.9325 4.37 190.9 3.668362 23 4.0 3.9 12.8753 49.2 1.020 30.9496 4.28 186.7 3.657688 18 5.0 5.2 12.8482 49.9 0.991 30.9574 4.00 174.7 3.656217 11 6.0 6.0 12.2558 49.6 0.929 31.0528 3.32 144.9 3.614818 24 7.0 7.0 11.8084 50.5 0.667 31.1505 2.87 125.0 3.586199 24 8.0 7.9 11.6734 54.1 0.572 31.1765 2.81 122.4 3.577216 23 9.0 8.9 11.4983 56.5 0.423 31.2002 2.73 119.1 3.564516 22 10.0 9.9 11.2356 58.1 0.309 31.1967 2.61 114.0 3.541443 24 11.0 10.9 11.0903 59.4 0.249 31.1915 2.53 110.2 3.528400 21 12.0 11.9 10.9708 60.3 0.243 31.1837 2.46 107.1 3.517323 21 13.0 12.9 10.8132 60.5 0.210 31.1898 2.41 105.1 3.504391 20 14.0 13.9 10.7718 60.6 0.189 31.2107 2.46 107.5 3.502089 21 15.0 14.9 10.9539 60.8 0.167 31.2764 2.58 112.6 3.525139 21 16.0 15.9 10.9503 61.1 0.138 31.2905 2.57 112.1 3.526569 21 17.0 16.9 10.8196 61.3 0.125 31.2797 2.48 108.4 3.514213 21 18.0 17.9 10.7009 61.6 0.112 31.2752 2.42 105.4 3.503546 20 19.0 18.8 10.5701 61.6 0.093 31.2686 2.32 101.2 3.491638 22 20.0 19.8 10.4223 61.8 0.078 31.2521 2.24 97.9 3.477287 20 21.0 20.8 10.2979 61.8 0.075 31.2493 2.17 94.8 3.466345 22 22.0 21.8 10.3118 61.8 0.063 31.2643 2.18 94.9 3.469083 21 23.0 22.8 10.2165 61.9 0.059 31.2664 2.10 91.7 3.461140 21 24.0 23.8 10.0692 61.9 0.053 31.2525 2.02 88.0 3.447145 21 25.0 24.8 10.0162 62.0 0.047 31.2573 1.97 86.0 3.443114 21 26.0 25.8 9.9611 62.0 0.041 31.2574 1.93 84.0 3.438438 20 27.0 26.8 9.8682 61.9 0.041 31.2495 1.89 82.5 3.429731 21 28.0 27.8 9.9205 61.7 0.034 31.2703 1.94 84.5 3.436320 21 29.0 28.8 9.9704 61.6 0.032 31.2908 1.95 85.0 3.442681 20 30.0 29.7 9.9129 61.7 0.032 31.2880 1.91 83.4 3.437506 21 31.0 30.7 9.8115 61.7 0.032 31.2779 1.86 81.0 3.427842 21 32.0 31.7 9.7464 61.5 0.034 31.2772 1.82 79.3 3.422242 21 33.0 32.7 9.7119 61.6 0.036 31.2801 1.75 76.5 3.419617 21 34.0 33.7 9.6769 61.5 0.032 31.2807 1.73 75.6 3.416721 20 35.0 34.7 9.7212 61.2 0.032 31.2959 1.76 76.6 3.422055 20 36.0 35.7 9.8321 61.1 0.032 31.3332 1.83 79.8 3.435292 19 37.0 36.7 9.9630 61.1 0.032 31.3780 1.90 82.7 3.451017 19 38.0 37.7 9.9465 61.0 0.032 31.3847 1.89 82.6 3.450305 19 39.0 38.7 9.8975 61.0 0.032 31.3827 1.87 81.5 3.445928 20 40.0 39.6 9.8392 61.1 0.032 31.3790 1.81 78.9 3.440589 20 41.0 40.6 9.7508 61.0 0.032 31.3707 1.76 76.6 3.432218 19 42.0 41.6 9.6767 60.8 0.033 31.3668 1.72 74.8 3.425511 19 43.0 42.6 9.6677 61.1 0.035 31.3738 1.67 72.8 3.425476 19 44.0 43.6 9.6220 61.1 0.034 31.3755 1.61 70.1 3.421757 19 45.0 44.6 9.6072 61.1 0.025 31.3809 1.58 68.8 3.421054 19 46.0 45.6 9.5755 61.0 0.032 31.3812 1.55 67.7 3.418415 20 47.0 46.6 9.5796 60.9 0.032 31.3868 1.56 68.2 3.419363 19 48.0 47.6 9.6480 61.0 0.032 31.4130 1.63 71.0 3.427846 20 49.0 48.6 9.6898 61.0 0.025 31.4311 1.67 72.6 3.433255 19 50.0 49.6 9.6845 60.7 0.032 31.4362 1.63 71.1 3.433357 19 51.0 50.6 9.6639 60.8 0.030 31.4369 1.58 68.9 3.431688 20 52.0 51.6 9.6079 60.7 0.027 31.4309 1.52 66.5 3.426326 19 53.0 52.5 9.5256 60.8 0.032 31.4213 1.46 63.8 3.418358 18 54.0 53.5 9.4798 60.8 0.032 31.4161 1.41 61.6 3.413954 18 55.0 54.5 9.4604 60.8 0.038 31.4209 1.36 59.5 3.412804 20 56.0 55.5 9.4681 60.8 0.031 31.4331 1.37 59.7 3.414709 19 57.0 56.5 9.4501 60.6 0.031 31.4369 1.34 58.3 3.413568 20 58.0 57.5 9.4183 60.5 0.029 31.4375 1.30 56.8 3.410950 19 59.0 58.5 9.4154 60.6 0.027 31.4417 1.29 56.5 3.411151 19 60.0 59.5 9.4348 60.5 0.031 31.4526 1.29 56.2 3.413914 18 61.0 60.4 9.4613 60.4 0.031 31.4643 1.31 57.2 3.417389 19 62.0 61.5 9.4876 60.4 0.031 31.4761 1.31 57.3 3.420839 20 63.0 62.5 9.4879 60.4 0.031 31.4830 1.31 57.3 3.421593 19 64.0 63.5 9.4779 60.3 0.033 31.4860 1.29 56.3 3.421062 20 65.0 64.4 9.4621 60.3 0.039 31.4901 1.26 54.8 3.420143 18 66.0 65.4 9.4517 60.1 0.034 31.4929 1.23 53.7 3.419570 20 67.0 66.4 9.4450 59.9 0.037 31.4986 1.21 52.9 3.419589 19 68.0 67.4 9.4565 59.8 0.031 31.5077 1.21 52.5 3.421516 19 69.0 68.4 9.4773 59.5 0.025 31.5178 1.21 52.8 3.424335 20 70.0 69.4 9.4726 59.4 0.031 31.5245 1.19 51.9 3.424636 19 71.0 70.4 9.4793 59.4 0.035 31.5360 1.16 50.7 3.426377 19 72.0 71.4 9.4863 59.0 0.034 31.5429 1.16 50.4 3.427691 19 73.0 72.3 9.4991 58.9 0.032 31.5518 1.15 50.1 3.429709 19 74.0 73.3 9.5012 58.6 0.041 31.5605 1.12 48.8 3.430780 19 75.0 74.3 9.5076 58.2 0.040 31.5680 1.10 47.8 3.432108 20 76.0 75.3 9.5231 57.5 0.038 31.5737 1.09 47.7 3.434047 19 77.0 76.3 9.5375 57.2 0.041 31.5807 1.10 48.0 3.436017 19 78.0 77.3 9.5634 57.1 0.040 31.5932 1.09 47.7 3.439521 20 79.0 78.3 9.5936 56.6 0.033 31.6044 1.11 48.2 3.443276 18 80.0 79.3 9.6153 55.9 0.040 31.6137 1.14 49.7 3.446098 20 81.0 80.3 9.6530 56.1 0.040 31.6264 1.17 51.1 3.450647 19 82.0 81.3 9.6685 56.4 0.045 31.6357 1.19 51.9 3.452945 19 83.0 82.3 9.6794 56.4 0.041 31.6405 1.19 51.7 3.454398 20 84.0 83.3 9.7009 56.3 0.039 31.6466 1.19 51.8 3.456899 18 85.0 84.3 9.7355 56.1 0.033 31.6668 1.17 50.9 3.461924 19 86.0 85.3 9.7500 55.5 0.045 31.6741 1.15 50.2 3.463939 18 87.0 86.3 9.7707 54.5 0.042 31.6823 1.19 51.8 3.466587 19 88.0 87.2 9.8055 54.4 0.044 31.6956 1.25 54.4 3.470952 18 89.0 88.2 9.8318 54.9 0.032 31.7083 1.25 54.3 3.474522 18 90.0 89.2 9.8450 55.0 0.038 31.7153 1.21 52.8 3.476409 19 91.0 90.2 9.8485 54.1 0.042 31.7182 1.19 51.8 3.477042 18 92.0 91.2 9.8526 53.7 0.046 31.7195 1.17 51.1 3.477574 19 93.0 92.2 9.8668 52.9 0.046 31.7251 1.19 51.7 3.479394 18 94.0 93.2 9.8729 52.8 0.046 31.7289 1.18 51.5 3.480344 18 95.0 94.2 9.8967 52.5 0.043 31.7373 1.20 52.3 3.483277 18 96.0 95.2 9.9037 52.6 0.038 31.7413 1.19 52.0 3.484327 18 97.0 96.2 9.9072 52.5 0.043 31.7437 1.16 50.4 3.484908 19 98.0 97.1 9.9263 51.5 0.046 31.7509 1.17 51.1 3.487320 18 99.0 98.1 9.9490 51.4 0.046 31.7607 1.14 49.8 3.490302 18 100.0 99.2 9.9503 51.5 0.046 31.7634 1.06 46.4 3.490734 20 101.0 100.2 9.9683 49.5 0.046 31.7702 1.07 46.6 3.493007 21 102.0 100.9 9.9818 48.1 0.046 31.7752 1.11 48.5 3.494712 13