*2016/04/20 12:06:03.77 *IOS HEADER VERSION 1.10 2011/10/26 2011/10/26 *FILE START TIME : UTC 2015/07/18 16:43:25.000 TIME INCREMENT : 0 0 0 0.416667E-01 0 ! (day hr min sec ms) NUMBER OF RECORDS : 173 DATA DESCRIPTION : CTD FILE TYPE : ASCII CRC : B6C2BA44 NUMBER OF CHANNELS : 6 $TABLE: CHANNELS ! No Name Units Minimum Maximum !--- --------------------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- 1 Pressure decibar 4.183 175.8505 2 Temperature:Primary 'deg C (ITS90)' 7.546371 11.53159 3 Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint mg/m^3 0.61E-01 8.348826 4 pH:SBE:Nominal n/a 7.688612 8.086 5 Salinity:T0:C0 PSS-78 31.25769 33.13442 6 Number_of_bin_records n/a 16 49 $END $TABLE: CHANNEL DETAIL ! No Pad Start Width Format Type Decimal_Places !--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ---- -------------- 1 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 1 2 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 3 -99 ' ' 8 F ' ' 3 4 -99 ' ' 8 F ' ' 3 5 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 6 ' ' ' ' 5 I I 0 $END $REMARKS This file converted from Sea-Bird file: P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Pro $END *ADMINISTRATION MISSION : 2015-15 AGENCY : PBS, Salmon And Freshwater Ecosystems, Nanaimo, B.C. COUNTRY : Canada PROJECT : High Seas Salmon SCIENTIST : Thiess M. PLATFORM : W.E. Ricker *LOCATION GEOGRAPHIC AREA : Juan de Fuca Strait / WCVI / Johnstone Strait STATION : QCST 03 EVENT NUMBER : 350 LATITUDE : 50 45.01000 N ! (deg min) LONGITUDE : 127 9.92000 W ! (deg min) WATER DEPTH : 183 *INSTRUMENT TYPE : Sea-Bird CTD MODEL : SBE-911plus SERIAL NUMBER : 0585 $TABLE: SENSORS ! Name Abs Depth Serial No ! ----------------------------- -------------- ---------- Temperature ' ' 4752 Conductivity ' ' 3396 'Pressure:Digiquartz with TC' ' ' 0585 Temperature:2 ' ' 2449 Conductivity:2 ' ' 2399 'Oxygen:SBE 43' ' ' 1119 Fluorometer:Seapoint ' ' 3685 pH ' ' 0851 $END $REMARKS SOFTWARE VERSION SEASAVE V 7.21D $END *HISTORY $TABLE: PROGRAMS ! Name Vers Date Time Recs In Recs Out ! -------- ------ ---------- -------- --------- --------- SBE_IOS 3.4.1 2016/04/12 14:21:09 10794 10794 CLEAN 5.2.1 2016/04/12 14:22:39 10794 10794 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2016/04/12 16:47:30 10794 10794 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2016/04/12 17:34:56 10794 10794 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2016/04/13 10:24:33 10794 10794 DELETE 6.3 2016/04/13 10:29:24 10794 4888 CTDEDIT 5.0.4 2016/04/19 08:30:28 4888 4705 CALIB 11.8.1 2016/04/20 11:34:43 4705 4705 FILTERS 4.3 2016/04/20 11:35:35 4705 4705 BINAVE 4.2 2016/04/20 11:48:38 4705 173 REMOVECH 8.2 2016/04/20 11:48:43 173 173 HDREDIT2 3.0.2 2016/04/20 12:06:03 ? ? $END $REMARKS -CLEAN functions: 2016/04/12 14:21:26 20 Reset #RECS, MIN & MAX values in header. Interpolation by Record Number, in Pressure Set event to last 4 characters of file name -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 24.00 -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: pH:SBE # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 50.00 -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Conductivity:Primary # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= -0.70 Salinity was recalculated after shift -The following DELETE parameters were used: Surface Record Removal: Last Press Min Maximum Surface Pressure (relative): 10.00 Surface Swell Pressure Tolerance: 1.00 Pressure filtered over width: 15 Swells deleted. Warning message if pressure difference of 2.00 Drop rates < 0.30m/s (calculated over 11 points) will be deleted. Drop rate applies in the range 10.00 to 166.07 dbars Sample interval (from FILE section of header) = 0.042 seconds. -CTDEDIT v5.0.4 2016/04/19 08:30:28 183 records were deleted in this editing session. 74 changes in channel Salinity:T0:C0 -CALIB parameters: 2016/04/20 11:34:43 Calibration type = Correct Mode: ONLY - calibration specs from Cal File only. Calibration file = P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\doc\2015-15-recal1.CCF Calibrations applied: Ch Name Units Fmla Coefficents -- ----------------------------- --------- --- ----------------------------- 12 Salinity:T0:C0 PSS-78 10 -0.2000000E-02 0.1000000E+01 -The following FILTER parameters were used. Median filter was used. Filter width = 11 The following channel(s) were filtered. Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint -The following BINAVE parameters were used: Bin channel = Pressure Averaging interval = 1.00 Minimum bin value = 0.000 Average value was used Interpolated values were NOT used for empty bins Channel 'NUMBER_OF_BIN_RECORDS' was added to file. -REMOVECH 2016/04/20 11:48:43 The following CHANNEL(S) were removed: Scan_Number Temperature:Secondary [deg C (ITS90)] Conductivity:Primary [S/m] Conductivity:Secondary [S/m] Oxygen:Voltage:SBE [volts] Descent_Rate [m/s] Status:Pump Salinity:T1:C1 [PSS-78] Flag -HEADER EDITS: 2016/04/20 12:06:03 Applied edit header: P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\doc\2015-15-HDR.TXT Channel 1: Pressure [decibar] Format: F10.3 ==> F7.1 Channel 4: pH:SBE:Nominal [n/a] Name: pH:SBE ==> pH:SBE:Nominal Units: pH Units ==> n/a $END *COMMENTS SBE HEADER Sea-Bird SBE 9 Data File: FileName = C:\CTD Data\2015-15\2015-15-0350.hex Software Version Seasave V 7.21d Temperature SN = 4752 Conductivity SN = 3396 Number of Bytes Per Scan = 37 Number of Voltage Words = 4 Number of Scans Averaged by the Deck Unit = 1 System UpLoad Time = Jul 18 2015 09:47:14 NMEA Latitude = 50 45.01 N NMEA Longitude = 127 09.92 W NMEA UTC (Time) = Jul 18 2015 16:43:25 Store Lat/Lon Data = Append to Every Scan SBE 11plus V 5.1e number of scans to average = 1 pressure baud rate = 9600 NMEA baud rate = 4800 Latitude/Longitude added to scan GPIB address = 1 advance primary conductivity 0.073 seconds advance secondary conductivity 0.073 seconds S> Ship: W.E. Ricker 2015-15 Station: QCST 03 Operator: HM Depth: 183 m System UTC = Jul 18 2015 16:47:14 # nquan = 14 # nvalues = 10794 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = prDM: Pressure, Digiquartz [db] # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C] # name 3 = t190C: Temperature, 2 [ITS-90, deg C] # name 4 = c0S/m: Conductivity [S/m] # name 5 = c1S/m: Conductivity, 2 [S/m] # name 6 = flSP: Fluorescence, Seapoint # name 7 = sbeox0V: Oxygen raw, SBE 43 [V] # name 8 = ph: pH # name 9 = dz/dtM: Descent Rate [m/s] # name 10 = pumps: Pump Status # name 11 = sal00: Salinity, Practical [PSU] # name 12 = sal11: Salinity, Practical, 2 [PSU] # name 13 = flag: flag # span 0 = 1, 10794 # span 1 = 3.179, 176.070 # span 2 = 7.5451, 11.5806 # span 3 = 7.5458, 11.5698 # span 4 = 3.414675, 3.576421 # span 5 = 3.448325, 3.613672 # span 6 = 4.8840e-02, 9.4994e+00 # span 7 = 0.0000, 0.0000 # span 8 = 7.688, 8.110 # span 9 = -1.231, 1.176 # span 10 = 0, 1 # span 11 = 31.2429, 33.1374 # span 12 = 31.6020, 33.4992 # span 13 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00 # interval = seconds: 0.0416667 # start_time = Jul 18 2015 16:43:25 [NMEA time, header] # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # # # # # 4752 # 23-Jan-14 # 1 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000 # 4.35902423e-003 # 6.36413981e-004 # 2.06309769e-005 # 1.71365270e-006 # 1000.000 # 1.00000000 # 0.0000 # # # # # # 3396 # 19-Dec-14 # 1 # # 0.0000 # 2000.0000 # 0 # # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.0 # -9.57000000e-008 # # # -9.91941065e+000 # 1.31439274e+000 # 3.00845560e-005 # 6.13621985e-005 # -9.57000000e-008 # 3.2500e-006 # # 0.00000000e+000 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000 # # # # # # 0585 # 30-Dec-13 # -3.951550e+004 # -4.415130e-001 # 1.282560e-002 # 3.560600e-002 # 0.000000e+000 # 3.030045e+001 # -4.415690e-004 # 4.342710e-006 # 1.736800e-009 # 0.99994600 # -2.11246 # 0.000000e+000 # 1.288270e-002 # -8.164490e+000 # # # # # # 2449 # 06-Apr-11 # 1 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000 # 4.35517974e-003 # 6.43485967e-004 # 2.33381062e-005 # 2.21338578e-006 # 1000.000 # 1.00000000 # 0.0000 # # # # # # 2399 # 17-Jan-14 # 1 # # 0.0000 # 2000.0000 # 0 # # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.0 # -9.57000000e-008 # # # -1.08277491e+001 # 1.61475240e+000 # 1.24520243e-003 # 1.93505039e-005 # -9.57000000e-008 # 3.2500e-006 # # 0.00000000e+000 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000 # # # # # # # # # # # # 1119 # 21-Jan-14 # 1 # # # 0.0000 # 0.0000e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.00e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.0 # # # # 4.4901e-001 # -0.5263 # -1.9196e-003 # 8.5361e-005 # -1.2856e-006 # 2.5826e+000 # 1.92634e-004 # -4.64803e-002 # 3.6000e-002 # 1.0400 #

-3.3000e-002

#

5.0000e+003

#

1.4500e+003

# # # # # # # # # # 3685 # # # 2 # 0.000 # # # # # # # # # 0851 # Sept 4th 2014 # 4.6134 # 2.5497 # # # # # # # datcnv_date = Aug 06 2015 12:16:09, 7.23.2 [datcnv_vars = 11] # datcnv_in = P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\RAW\CTD\2015-15-0350.hex P:\Crui se_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\doc\2015-15-ctd.XMLCON # datcnv_skipover = 0 # datcnv_ox_hysteresis_correction = no # wildedit_date = Nov 16 2015 17:18:28, 7.23.2 # wildedit_in = P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\convert\2015-15-035 0.cnv # wildedit_pass1_nstd = 2.0 # wildedit_pass2_nstd = 5.0 # wildedit_pass2_mindelta = 0.000e+000 # wildedit_npoint = 50 # wildedit_vars = prDM t090C t190C c0S/m c1S/m # wildedit_excl_bad_scans = yes # celltm_date = Nov 16 2015 17:21:43, 7.23.2 # celltm_in = P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\wildedit\2015-15-0350 .cnv # celltm_alpha = 0.0245, 0.0245 # celltm_tau = 9.5000, 9.5000 # celltm_temp_sensor_use_for_cond = primary, secondary # Derive_date = Nov 16 2015 17:28:07, 7.23.2 [derive_vars = 2] # Derive_in = P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\celltm\2015-15-0350.c nv P:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2015-15\Processing\doc\2015-15-ctd.XMLCON # file_type = ascii END* Remarks from CTDEDIT: CTDEDIT was used to remove some records corrupted by shed wakes; salinity was cleaned. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Data Processing Notes: ---------------------- Fluorescence and pH data are nominal and unedited except that some records were removed in editing temperature and salinity. Recalibration of channel Salinity:T0:C0 was based on a post-cruise calibration and a comparison with bottle samples. Stops for bottles were often very short and there was a cruise between this one and the post-cruise calibration, but the salinity is likely good to +/- 0.002. A dissolved oxygen sensor was mounted but no data were acquired. WARNING: The pH:SBE:Nominal data should be used with caution; no field calibration data were collected. Calibration is required for each cast to get absolute values, although general trends within a cast are likely real. For details on the processing see the report: 2015-15_Processing_Report.doc. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *CALIBRATION $TABLE: CORRECTED CHANNELS ! Name Units Fmla Pad Coefficients ! ---------------- -------- ---- ------ ------------ Salinity:T0:C0 PSS-78 10 -99 () (-0.2E-02 1) $END !--1--- ---2---- ---3--- ---4--- ---5---- -6-- !Pressu Temperat Fluores pH:SBE: Salinity Numb !re ure: cence: Nominal :T0:C0 er_o ! Primary URU: ~bin ! Seapoin _rec ! t ords !------ -------- ------- ------- -------- ---- *END OF HEADER 4.2 11.5316 5.660 8.077 31.2577 16 5.1 11.5074 6.504 8.081 31.2639 23 6.0 11.5033 7.316 8.084 31.2649 39 7.0 11.4994 8.044 8.086 31.2660 30 8.0 11.4863 8.181 8.086 31.2648 28 9.0 11.4816 8.178 8.086 31.2664 28 10.0 11.4678 8.349 8.086 31.2671 19 11.0 11.4550 8.157 8.083 31.2678 22 12.0 11.4265 8.237 8.082 31.2708 22 13.0 11.3657 7.643 8.081 31.3343 25 14.0 11.3226 6.944 8.078 31.3937 25 15.0 11.3038 6.099 8.077 31.4091 25 16.0 11.2667 5.516 8.073 31.4340 23 17.0 11.1571 5.013 8.066 31.5131 21 18.0 11.0072 4.041 8.057 31.5717 25 19.0 10.8652 3.620 8.046 31.5941 26 20.0 10.6966 2.943 8.032 31.6124 25 21.0 10.5742 2.184 8.015 31.6338 25 22.0 10.4057 2.131 8.000 31.6896 26 23.0 10.2650 1.756 7.984 31.7339 25 24.0 10.1858 1.613 7.971 31.7685 25 25.0 10.1466 1.654 7.962 31.7863 25 26.0 10.1211 1.216 7.956 31.8069 25 27.0 10.0760 1.068 7.949 31.8394 27 28.0 10.0420 0.822 7.945 31.8907 27 29.0 10.0322 0.855 7.941 31.9225 26 30.0 9.9754 0.674 7.936 31.9526 25 31.0 9.9409 0.620 7.932 31.9754 25 32.0 9.9203 0.641 7.929 31.9859 26 33.0 9.9058 0.617 7.927 31.9967 26 34.0 9.8973 0.704 7.924 32.0070 25 35.0 9.8861 0.549 7.923 32.0142 27 36.0 9.8692 0.659 7.922 32.0317 27 37.0 9.8719 0.504 7.919 32.0450 26 38.0 9.8705 0.814 7.918 32.0512 26 39.0 9.8675 0.611 7.918 32.0584 26 40.0 9.8633 0.529 7.918 32.0643 26 41.0 9.8565 0.598 7.916 32.0713 26 42.0 9.8663 0.491 7.917 32.0890 25 43.0 9.8928 0.418 7.918 32.1044 26 44.0 9.8824 0.486 7.918 32.1133 27 45.0 9.8602 0.475 7.918 32.1115 26 46.0 9.8513 0.446 7.915 32.1115 26 47.0 9.8255 0.495 7.913 32.1159 25 48.0 9.8252 0.444 7.913 32.1286 25 49.0 9.8289 0.483 7.914 32.1332 25 50.0 9.8270 0.408 7.914 32.1381 24 51.0 9.8208 0.501 7.913 32.1431 27 52.0 9.7824 0.445 7.909 32.1607 26 53.0 9.7141 0.421 7.906 32.1781 26 54.0 9.6513 0.362 7.902 32.1841 27 55.0 9.6319 0.313 7.898 32.1865 26 56.0 9.6157 0.329 7.895 32.1915 26 57.0 9.6020 0.295 7.894 32.1947 25 58.0 9.6017 0.289 7.891 32.1984 25 59.0 9.5922 0.269 7.891 32.2078 25 60.0 9.5753 0.329 7.889 32.2183 27 61.0 9.5640 0.369 7.886 32.2248 26 62.0 9.5599 0.329 7.886 32.2289 27 63.0 9.5563 0.307 7.885 32.2342 28 64.0 9.5401 0.253 7.882 32.2479 26 65.0 9.5303 0.237 7.881 32.2559 27 66.0 9.5282 0.259 7.881 32.2587 26 67.0 9.5102 0.230 7.878 32.2686 22 68.0 9.5049 0.204 7.877 32.2758 28 69.0 9.5080 0.190 7.875 32.2819 26 70.0 9.4691 0.194 7.873 32.2950 24 71.0 9.3740 0.182 7.870 32.3279 26 72.0 9.2657 0.183 7.864 32.3447 26 73.0 9.2293 0.219 7.859 32.3557 27 74.0 9.2157 0.166 7.854 32.3627 27 75.0 9.2051 0.153 7.852 32.3695 26 76.0 9.2091 0.159 7.850 32.3722 25 77.0 9.2097 0.205 7.850 32.3755 27 78.0 9.1559 0.182 7.849 32.3878 28 79.0 9.1338 0.166 7.845 32.3984 29 80.0 9.1250 0.157 7.844 32.4070 27 81.0 9.1203 0.140 7.841 32.4087 26 82.0 9.1027 0.144 7.840 32.4121 26 83.0 9.0829 0.135 7.839 32.4144 26 84.0 9.0718 0.129 7.836 32.4148 29 85.0 9.0490 0.124 7.836 32.4161 29 86.0 9.0402 0.124 7.834 32.4168 27 87.0 9.0099 0.136 7.831 32.4205 26 88.0 8.9749 0.129 7.829 32.4295 27 89.0 8.9528 0.125 7.827 32.4401 29 90.0 8.9378 0.124 7.826 32.4503 30 91.0 8.9238 0.133 7.822 32.4611 31 92.0 8.9118 0.122 7.822 32.4674 31 93.0 8.9022 0.127 7.819 32.4723 29 94.0 8.8982 0.118 7.817 32.4743 28 95.0 8.8952 0.113 7.817 32.4755 29 96.0 8.8885 0.152 7.816 32.4782 33 97.0 8.8832 0.137 7.815 32.4802 34 98.0 8.8822 0.128 7.813 32.4809 29 99.0 8.8791 0.122 7.813 32.4827 24 100.0 8.8704 0.135 7.813 32.4864 28 101.0 8.8456 0.123 7.813 32.4937 28 102.0 8.8214 0.115 7.810 32.5019 30 103.0 8.8050 0.110 7.808 32.5100 28 104.0 8.7868 0.109 7.808 32.5188 27 105.0 8.7049 0.111 7.804 32.5577 26 106.0 8.5921 0.102 7.799 32.6085 24 107.0 8.5285 0.102 7.795 32.6453 25 108.0 8.4484 0.096 7.789 32.6896 26 109.0 8.4110 0.106 7.785 32.7041 27 110.0 8.3949 0.087 7.782 32.7127 26 111.0 8.3892 0.090 7.780 32.7162 26 112.0 8.3645 0.091 7.776 32.7281 26 113.0 8.3266 0.085 7.775 32.7479 27 114.0 8.2834 0.078 7.772 32.7700 27 115.0 8.2703 0.076 7.769 32.7770 24 116.0 8.2635 0.081 7.767 32.7809 24 117.0 8.2552 0.073 7.767 32.7855 25 118.0 8.2454 0.081 7.764 32.7910 28 119.0 8.2363 0.084 7.762 32.7969 28 120.0 8.2189 0.074 7.763 32.8069 27 121.0 8.1676 0.079 7.760 32.8346 24 122.0 8.0913 0.073 7.757 32.8706 24 123.0 8.0495 0.073 7.753 32.8903 25 124.0 8.0370 0.077 7.752 32.8954 26 125.0 8.0202 0.073 7.749 32.9030 27 126.0 7.9885 0.073 7.747 32.9166 29 127.0 7.9763 0.073 7.744 32.9215 27 128.0 7.9548 0.084 7.743 32.9299 23 129.0 7.9325 0.073 7.739 32.9387 24 130.0 7.9250 0.074 7.739 32.9411 25 131.0 7.9215 0.104 7.736 32.9424 28 132.0 7.9163 0.080 7.735 32.9445 30 133.0 7.9037 0.069 7.735 32.9494 28 134.0 7.8914 0.069 7.731 32.9541 26 135.0 7.8773 0.073 7.730 32.9593 25 136.0 7.8740 0.062 7.730 32.9602 26 137.0 7.8678 0.061 7.727 32.9623 27 138.0 7.8394 0.065 7.725 32.9785 27 139.0 7.8251 0.064 7.725 32.9865 28 140.0 7.8185 0.069 7.724 32.9896 26 141.0 7.8057 0.066 7.722 32.9967 26 142.0 7.7915 0.065 7.721 33.0044 27 143.0 7.7829 0.061 7.721 33.0092 26 144.0 7.7793 0.061 7.721 33.0112 26 145.0 7.7745 0.065 7.719 33.0139 26 146.0 7.7630 0.068 7.716 33.0204 25 147.0 7.7489 0.065 7.716 33.0282 28 148.0 7.7483 0.061 7.716 33.0286 29 149.0 7.7404 0.085 7.716 33.0332 27 150.0 7.7383 0.073 7.715 33.0345 26 151.0 7.7382 0.097 7.713 33.0349 26 152.0 7.7380 0.074 7.712 33.0350 25 153.0 7.7372 0.068 7.711 33.0355 26 154.0 7.7326 0.070 7.711 33.0378 28 155.0 7.7235 0.068 7.711 33.0419 27 156.0 7.7208 0.082 7.711 33.0432 24 157.0 7.7209 0.066 7.710 33.0433 25 158.0 7.7106 0.067 7.709 33.0476 26 159.0 7.6969 0.065 7.707 33.0533 26 160.0 7.6777 0.085 7.707 33.0629 28 161.0 7.6667 0.061 7.705 33.0683 26 162.0 7.6556 0.068 7.703 33.0739 25 163.0 7.6210 0.067 7.702 33.0921 25 164.0 7.6061 0.061 7.701 33.0998 30 165.0 7.6099 0.061 7.699 33.0977 31 166.0 7.6020 0.061 7.697 33.1022 27 167.0 7.6023 0.071 7.697 33.1022 28 168.0 7.5977 0.081 7.697 33.1050 34 169.0 7.5895 0.075 7.696 33.1096 44 169.9 7.5855 0.068 7.694 33.1120 45 171.0 7.5800 0.073 7.693 33.1151 34 172.0 7.5696 0.072 7.693 33.1210 41 172.9 7.5580 0.072 7.693 33.1277 37 174.0 7.5501 0.071 7.692 33.1321 42 174.9 7.5486 0.073 7.691 33.1331 21 175.9 7.5464 0.085 7.689 33.1344 49