*2010/08/19 10:34:21.34 *IOS HEADER VERSION 1.8 2007/05/25 2007/05/25 *FILE START TIME : UTC 2009/09/23 10:24:04.000 TIME INCREMENT : 0 0 0 0.416667E-01 0 ! (day hr min sec ms) NUMBER OF RECORDS : 99 DATA DESCRIPTION : CTD FILE TYPE : ASCII CRC : 8E2D5C96 NUMBER OF CHANNELS : 9 $TABLE: CHANNELS ! No Name Units Minimum Maximum !--- --------------------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- 1 Pressure decibar 3 101 2 Temperature:Secondary 'deg C (ITS90)' 8.1531 13.9444 3 Transmissivity %/metre 20.3 46.5 4 Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint mg/m^3 0.194 3.034 5 PAR uE/m^2/sec 0 0 6 Salinity:T1:C1 PSS-78 30.2522 33.0439 7 Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE mL/L 1.3 6.559 8 Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE umol/kg 56.58289 286.3329 9 Number_of_bin_records n/a 5 102 $END $TABLE: CHANNEL DETAIL ! No Pad Start Width Format Type Decimal_Places !--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ---- -------------- 1 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 1 2 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 3 -99 ' ' 6 F ' ' 1 4 -99 ' ' 8 F ' ' 3 5 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 1 6 -99 ' ' 9 F ' ' 4 7 -99 ' ' 7 F ' ' 2 8 -99 ' ' 6 F ' ' 1 9 ' ' ' ' 5 I I 0 $END $REMARKS This file converted from Sea-Bird file: Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Pro $END *ADMINISTRATION MISSION : 2009-59 AGENCY : IOS, Ocean Sciences Division, Sidney, B.C. COUNTRY : Canada PROJECT : La Perouse/Effingham/Moorings SCIENTIST : Juhasz T. PLATFORM : John P. Tully *LOCATION GEOGRAPHIC AREA : WCVI/BC Inlets STATION : EFF13 EVENT NUMBER : 28 LATITUDE : 48 56.55000 N ! (deg min) LONGITUDE : 125 10.88000 W ! (deg min) WATER DEPTH : 103 ALTIMETER (M) : 5.31 ! custom item $REMARKS Altimeter value is distance from bottom and is calculated as the median of the deepest 2 metres of data. $END *INSTRUMENT TYPE : Sea-Bird CTD MODEL : SBE-911plus SERIAL NUMBER : 0585 LOCATION : Mid-ship ! custom item $REMARKS SOFTWARE VERSION SEASAVE V 7.18C $END *HISTORY $TABLE: PROGRAMS ! Name Vers Date Time Recs In Recs Out ! -------- ------ ---------- -------- --------- --------- SBE_IOS 3.1 2010/05/28 15:31:53 10931 10931 CLEAN 5.0.2 2010/05/28 15:37:42 10908 10908 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2010/05/30 10:18:56 10908 10908 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2010/05/30 10:24:01 10908 10908 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2010/05/30 11:43:46 10908 10908 SHIFTDAT 3.4 2010/05/30 11:48:42 10908 10908 DELETE 6.3 2010/05/30 11:56:03 10908 4147 CTDEDIT 4.61 2010/06/01 13:24:38 4147 3938 CALIB 11.7 2010/08/09 09:47:03 3938 3938 FILTERS 4.3 2010/08/09 10:21:08 3938 3938 BINAVE 4.1.1 2010/08/09 10:27:12 3938 99 REMOVECH 8.0 2010/08/09 12:09:08 99 99 CHGUNITS 3.0 2010/08/09 12:14:55 99 99 REORDER 1.2.1 2010/08/09 12:15:31 ? ? HDREDIT2 2.5.1 2010/08/19 10:34:21 ? ? $END $REMARKS -CLEAN functions: 2010/05/28 15:33:41 20 Interpolation by Record Number, in Pressure Set event to last 4 characters of file name -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Fluorescence:Seapoint # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 24.00 -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 90.00 -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Conductivity:Primary # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 0.50 Salinity was recalculated after shift -The following SHIFT parameters were used. Shift Channel: Conductivity:Secondary # of Records to Advance (-ve for Delay): At REC# 0 Shift= 1.10 Salinity was recalculated after shift -The following DELETE parameters were used: Surface Record Removal: Last Press Min Maximum Surface Pressure (relative): 10.00 Surface Swell Pressure Tolerance: 1.00 Pressure filtered over width: 15 Swells deleted. Warning message if pressure difference of 2.00 Drop rates < 0.30m/s (calculated over 11 points) will be deleted. Drop rate applies in the range 10.00 to 91.06 dbars Sample interval (from FILE section of header) = 0.042 seconds. -CTDEDIT 2010/06/01 13:24:38 209 records were deleted in this editing session. 86 changes in channel Salinity:T1:C1 -CALIB parameters: 2010/08/09 09:47:03 Calibration type = Correct Mode: ONLY - calibration specs from Cal File only. Calibration file = Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\doc\2009-59-recal1.ccf Calibrations applied: Ch Name Units Fmla Coefficents -- ----------------------------- --------- --- ----------------------------- 2 Pressure dbars 10 -0.2000000E+00 0.1000000E+01 18 Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE mL/L 10 -0.1130000E-01 0.1068900E+01 -The following FILTER parameters were used. Median filter was used. Filter width = 11 The following channel(s) were filtered. Fluorescence:Seapoint -The following BINAVE parameters were used: Bin channel = Pressure Averaging interval = 1.00 Minimum bin value = 0.000 Bin value was used Interpolated values were NOT used for empty bins Channel 'NUMBER_OF_BIN_RECORDS' was added to file. -REMOVECH 2010/08/09 12:09:08 The following CHANNEL(S) were removed: Scan_Number Temperature:Primary [deg C (ITS90)] Conductivity:Primary [S/m] Conductivity:Secondary [S/m] Oxygen:Voltage:SBE [volts] Altimeter [metres] Bottle:Position Bottle_Number Descent_Rate [m/s] Status:Pump Salinity:T0:C0 [PSS-78] Flag -CHANGE units: 'Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE [mL/L]' changed from mL/L to umol/kg -HEADER EDITS: 2010/08/19 10:34:21 Applied edit header: Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\doc\2009-59-HDR.TXT Channel 1: Pressure [decibar] Units: dbars ==> decibar Channel 4: Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint [mg/m^3] Name: Fluorescence:Seapoint ==> Fluorescence:URU:Seapoint Channel 7: Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE [mL/L] Format: F8.3 ==> F7.2 $END *COMMENTS SBE HEADER Sea-Bird SBE 9 Data File: FileName = C:\DATA\2009-59\2009-59-0028.hex Software Version Seasave V 7.18c Temperature SN = 4054 Conductivity SN = 3321 Number of Bytes Per Scan = 40 Number of Voltage Words = 5 Number of Scans Averaged by the Deck Unit = 1 System UpLoad Time = Sep 23 2009 10:24:06 NMEA Latitude = 48 56.55 N NMEA Longitude = 125 10.88 W NMEA UTC (Time) = Sep 23 2009 10:24:04 Store Lat/Lon Data = Append to Every Scan Tully Cruise: 2009-11 2009-59 Station: EFF13 Latitude: Longitude: Depth (m): 103 # nquan = 19 # nvalues = 10931 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = prDM: Pressure, Digiquartz [db] # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C] # name 3 = t190C: Temperature, 2 [ITS-90, deg C] # name 4 = c0S/m: Conductivity [S/m] # name 5 = c1S/m: Conductivity, 2 [S/m] # name 6 = xmiss: Beam Transmission, Chelsea/Seatech/Wetlab CStar [%] # name 7 = flSP: Fluorescence, Seapoint # name 8 = sbeox0V: Oxygen Voltage, SBE 43 # name 9 = par: PAR/Irradiance, Biospherical/Licor # name 10 = altM: Altimeter [m] # name 11 = bpos: Bottle Position in Carousel # name 12 = nbf: Bottles Fired # name 13 = dz/dtM: Descent Rate [m/s] # name 14 = pumps: Pump Status # name 15 = sal00: Salinity, Practical [PSU] # name 16 = sal11: Salinity, Practical, 2 [PSU] # name 17 = sbeox0ML/L: Oxygen, SBE 43 [ml/l], WS = 2 # name 18 = flag: flag # span 0 = 1, 10931 # span 1 = 1.845, 101.060 # span 2 = 8.1498, 14.3398 # span 3 = 8.1516, 14.4014 # span 4 = 0.452204, 3.726952 # span 5 = 1.434989, 3.787924 # span 6 = 63.2444, 87.6322 # span 7 = 1.8315e-01, 5.5128e+00 # span 8 = 1.0313, 3.7791 # span 9 = 1.0000e-12, 1.0000e-12 # span 10 = 0.00, 100.00 # span 11 = 0, 1 # span 12 = 0, 1 # span 13 = -1.015, 0.928 # span 14 = 0, 1 # span 15 = 3.0963, 33.0546 # span 16 = 10.6968, 33.0481 # span 17 = 1.22101, 6.90519 # span 18 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00 # interval = seconds: 0.0416667 # start_time = Sep 23 2009 10:24:04 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # # # # # # 4054 # 24-Dec-08 # 1 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000 # 4.38630579e-003 # 6.44332011e-004 # 2.32050290e-005 # 2.13646256e-006 # 1000.000 # 1.00000000 # 0.0000 # # # # # # 3321 # 16-Jan-09 # 1 # # 0.0000 # 2000.0000 # # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.0 # -9.57000000e-008 # # # -9.95586363e+000 # 1.44685913e+000 # 3.49399689e-004 # 4.92391613e-005 # -9.57000000e-008 # 3.2500e-006 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000 # # # # # # 77511 # 08-MAR-00 # -3.951550e+004 # -4.415130e-001 # 1.282560e-002 # 3.560600e-002 # 0.000000e+000 # 3.030045e+001 # -4.415690e-004 # 4.342710e-006 # 1.736800e-009 # 0.99995000 # 0.00000 # 0.000000e+000 # 1.288270e-002 # -8.164493e+000 # # # # # # 4700 # 24-Dec-08 # 1 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.000 # 4.34757911e-003 # 6.38464938e-004 # 2.12687542e-005 # 1.83236059e-006 # 1000.000 # 1.00000000 # 0.0000 # # # # # # 1766 # 16-Jan-09 # 1 # # 0.0000 # 2000.0000 # # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.00000000e+000 # 0.0 # -9.57000000e-008 # # # -4.12684256e+000 # 4.88104408e-001 # -5.85160639e-004 # 5.17656959e-005 # -9.57000000e-008 # 3.2500e-006 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000 # # # # # # 1176 # 10-Mar-09p # 1 # # # 0.0000 # 0.0000e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.00e+000 # 0.0000 # 0.0 # # # # 0.3478 # -0.5109 # -6.3517e-004 # 1.4669e-004 # -2.6575e-006 # 2.5826e+000 # 1.9263e-004 # -4.6480e-002 # 3.6500e-002 # 1.3700 #

-2.8000e-002

#

5.0000e+003

#

1.3500e+003

#
#
#
# # # # 983DR # 27-June-06 # 19.2982 # -1.1772 # 0.250 # # # # # # 2228 # # # 1 # 0.000 # # # # # # # # # 4615 # # 1.00000000 # 0.00000000 # 2450980392.15999980 # 1.00000000 # -0.54715493 # # # # # # # # # 1252 # # 15.000 # 0.000 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0.00000000 # 0.00000000 # # #
# datcnv_date = May 18 2010 15:45:50, 7.20c # datcnv_in = Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\RAW\CTD\2009-59-0028.hex Q:\Crui se_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\doc\2009-59-ctd.con # datcnv_skipover = 0 # datcnv_ox_hysteresis_correction = yes # wildedit_date = May 28 2010 08:40:58, 7.20c # wildedit_in = Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\convert\2009-59-002 8.cnv # wildedit_pass1_nstd = 2.0 # wildedit_pass2_nstd = 5.0 # wildedit_pass2_mindelta = 0.000e+000 # wildedit_npoint = 50 # wildedit_vars = prDM t090C t190C c0S/m c1S/m # wildedit_excl_bad_scans = yes # celltm_date = May 28 2010 11:59:18, 7.20c # celltm_in = Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\wildedit\2009-59-0028 .cnv # celltm_alpha = 0.0300, 0.0300 # celltm_tau = 9.0000, 9.0000 # celltm_temp_sensor_use_for_cond = primary, secondary # Derive_date = May 28 2010 14:57:30, 7.20c # Derive_in = Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\celltm\2009-59-0028.c nv Q:\Cruise_Data_Processing\2009-59\Processing\doc\2009-59-ctd.con # derive_time_window_docdt = seconds: 2 # derive_ox_tau_correction = yes # file_type = ascii END* The descent rate of the CTD was low and noisy. CTDEDIT was used to remove surface records to 3.6db and some records corrupted by shed wakes; salinity was cleaned. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Transmissivity and fluorescence are nominal and unedited except that some records were removed in editing temperature and salinity. The transmissometer has not been recalibrated since 2006; the values appear to be too low, but there is insufficient evidence to enable correction. The dissolved oxygen gradients were often very high near the surface and variability was high throughout the profile for many of the casts. The precision of the SBE dissolved oxygen channel is estimated on the basis of a comparison to bottle data to be, roughly: • ±2.5 ml/l from 0-20 db • ±0.5 ml/l from 20-50 db • ±0.3 ml/l from 50-250 db • ±0.1 ml/l below 250 db There were no salinity samples available, so no recalibration was applied, but based on the history of the sensor it is believed to be within ±0.002. For details on the processing see processing report: 2009-59-proc.doc *CALIBRATION $TABLE: CORRECTED CHANNELS ! Name Units Fmla Pad Coefficients ! ---------------------- ------- ---- ------ ------------ Pressure dbars 10 -99 () (-0.2 1) Oxygen:Dissolved:SBE mL/L 10 -99 () (-0.113E-01 1.0689) $END !--1--- ---2---- --3-- ---4--- --5--- ---6---- --7--- --8-- -9-- !Pressu Temperat Trans Fluores PAR Salinity Oxygen Oxyge Numb !re ure: missi cence: :T1:C1 : n: er_o ! Secondar vity URU: Dissol Disso ~bin ! y Seapoin ved: lved: _rec ! t SBE SBE ords !------ -------- ----- ------- ------ -------- ------ ----- ---- *END OF HEADER 3.0 13.9388 26.3 2.635 0.0 30.2522 6.55 286.2 5 4.0 13.9444 26.8 2.646 0.0 30.3775 6.56 286.3 45 5.0 13.9285 27.0 2.527 0.0 30.5352 6.39 278.8 48 6.0 13.7461 26.9 2.635 0.0 30.6629 6.01 262.1 54 7.0 13.5039 27.1 2.817 0.0 30.9886 6.14 267.8 43 8.0 13.4758 27.5 3.034 0.0 31.0657 5.90 257.4 34 9.0 13.2274 29.1 2.956 0.0 31.1107 5.46 238.2 39 10.0 12.7875 33.1 2.659 0.0 31.3611 5.19 226.2 43 11.0 12.5258 35.4 2.264 0.0 31.5186 4.78 208.4 38 12.0 11.7166 41.8 1.089 0.0 31.7574 4.57 199.2 50 13.0 11.5554 43.5 0.680 0.0 31.7956 4.51 196.5 43 14.0 11.4984 43.5 0.564 0.0 31.8033 4.46 194.5 39 15.0 11.4656 43.7 0.406 0.0 31.8098 4.50 196.1 35 16.0 11.4465 44.1 0.380 0.0 31.8431 4.54 198.0 33 17.0 11.4369 44.5 0.350 0.0 31.8656 4.53 197.4 38 18.0 11.4036 44.5 0.326 0.0 31.8661 4.51 196.4 52 19.0 11.3673 44.6 0.298 0.0 31.8720 4.50 196.1 53 20.0 11.3681 44.9 0.309 0.0 31.8937 4.52 197.1 50 21.0 11.3896 45.1 0.288 0.0 31.9049 4.58 199.7 45 22.0 11.3960 45.3 0.291 0.0 31.9391 4.53 197.4 48 23.0 11.2128 45.6 0.285 0.0 31.9462 4.42 192.8 54 24.0 11.1487 45.7 0.293 0.0 31.9612 4.38 190.8 64 25.0 11.1028 45.7 0.277 0.0 31.9823 4.36 190.2 57 26.0 11.1020 45.8 0.268 0.0 32.0091 4.31 187.9 50 27.0 11.0888 45.8 0.271 0.0 32.0301 4.29 187.0 43 28.0 11.1038 45.9 0.265 0.0 32.0531 4.27 186.0 43 29.0 11.0492 46.0 0.260 0.0 32.0580 4.24 184.8 45 30.0 11.0046 45.9 0.250 0.0 32.0690 4.18 182.3 48 31.0 10.9175 46.1 0.237 0.0 32.0686 4.10 178.7 44 32.0 10.8118 46.0 0.239 0.0 32.0625 4.00 174.4 31 33.0 10.7104 46.0 0.232 0.0 32.0752 3.95 172.3 37 34.0 10.6533 46.3 0.230 0.0 32.0990 3.96 172.5 37 35.0 10.6301 46.3 0.231 0.0 32.1170 3.91 170.4 41 36.0 10.6125 46.3 0.236 0.0 32.1274 3.82 166.5 48 37.0 10.5132 46.3 0.227 0.0 32.1344 3.80 165.4 41 38.0 10.4994 46.3 0.231 0.0 32.1531 3.78 164.5 39 39.0 10.4603 46.4 0.223 0.0 32.1734 3.67 160.0 46 40.0 10.3735 46.4 0.223 0.0 32.1821 3.51 152.7 42 41.0 10.2373 46.4 0.223 0.0 32.1975 3.38 147.3 36 42.0 10.1590 46.4 0.219 0.0 32.2114 3.31 144.2 39 43.0 10.0550 46.3 0.210 0.0 32.2354 3.26 141.8 47 44.0 10.0042 46.4 0.204 0.0 32.2455 3.19 139.0 42 45.0 9.9521 46.4 0.211 0.0 32.2535 3.13 136.5 36 46.0 9.9056 46.5 0.215 0.0 32.2664 3.11 135.3 38 47.0 9.8790 46.5 0.209 0.0 32.2744 3.07 133.6 39 48.0 9.8453 46.4 0.208 0.0 32.2819 3.02 131.6 38 49.0 9.8072 46.4 0.203 0.0 32.2951 3.00 130.6 36 50.0 9.7807 46.1 0.212 0.0 32.3118 3.01 131.3 31 51.0 9.7789 45.7 0.202 0.0 32.3208 2.99 130.3 35 52.0 9.7678 45.5 0.226 0.0 32.3265 2.96 128.8 33 53.0 9.7306 45.9 0.213 0.0 32.3333 2.94 127.9 35 54.0 9.7018 46.1 0.207 0.0 32.3482 2.91 126.7 36 55.0 9.6770 45.7 0.201 0.0 32.3661 2.87 125.1 35 56.0 9.6394 45.3 0.204 0.0 32.3783 2.82 122.8 31 57.0 9.6245 45.1 0.208 0.0 32.3819 2.70 117.5 29 58.0 9.5441 44.4 0.207 0.0 32.3786 2.58 112.5 30 59.0 9.4443 43.7 0.202 0.0 32.3725 2.51 109.5 32 60.0 9.3479 43.6 0.216 0.0 32.3814 2.46 107.2 34 61.0 9.2744 43.4 0.207 0.0 32.3995 2.39 104.2 35 62.0 9.2072 43.1 0.210 0.0 32.4214 2.33 101.3 31 63.0 9.1409 42.6 0.204 0.0 32.4480 2.26 98.6 30 64.0 9.0853 42.3 0.203 0.0 32.4697 2.20 95.7 29 65.0 9.0142 41.9 0.203 0.0 32.4948 2.15 93.4 30 66.0 8.9399 41.4 0.205 0.0 32.5213 2.12 92.1 30 67.0 8.9109 41.2 0.200 0.0 32.5440 2.07 90.0 30 68.0 8.8710 40.6 0.197 0.0 32.5635 2.02 88.0 32 69.0 8.8335 40.2 0.198 0.0 32.5773 1.95 85.1 33 70.0 8.7760 40.0 0.199 0.0 32.5959 1.89 82.3 31 71.0 8.6928 39.0 0.237 0.0 32.6464 1.84 80.1 28 72.0 8.6288 38.0 0.220 0.0 32.6999 1.79 77.8 29 73.0 8.5629 37.0 0.203 0.0 32.7359 1.74 75.6 27 74.0 8.5145 36.9 0.202 0.0 32.7534 1.68 73.0 28 75.0 8.4685 36.8 0.207 0.0 32.7585 1.63 70.9 33 76.0 8.4283 36.6 0.202 0.0 32.7670 1.60 69.6 35 77.0 8.4063 36.3 0.198 0.0 32.7742 1.57 68.2 33 78.0 8.3900 36.2 0.195 0.0 32.7793 1.51 65.6 32 79.0 8.3520 35.5 0.206 0.0 32.7921 1.46 63.7 30 80.0 8.3235 35.0 0.199 0.0 32.8041 1.44 62.5 28 81.0 8.2935 34.7 0.204 0.0 32.8195 1.41 61.3 30 82.0 8.2573 34.2 0.196 0.0 32.8393 1.37 59.6 32 83.0 8.2181 32.8 0.194 0.0 32.8631 1.37 59.4 32 84.0 8.1866 31.7 0.199 0.0 32.9035 1.40 60.8 32 85.0 8.1907 31.0 0.202 0.0 32.9286 1.41 61.3 32 86.0 8.1944 30.8 0.196 0.0 32.9375 1.40 61.1 33 87.0 8.1908 30.3 0.199 0.0 32.9448 1.38 60.3 33 88.0 8.1808 29.8 0.201 0.0 32.9541 1.38 59.8 32 89.0 8.1732 29.5 0.210 0.0 32.9608 1.36 59.1 34 90.0 8.1669 28.6 0.204 0.0 32.9675 1.35 58.6 34 91.0 8.1636 27.7 0.202 0.0 32.9727 1.34 58.5 35 92.0 8.1607 27.6 0.212 0.0 32.9752 1.34 58.4 40 93.0 8.1587 27.4 0.206 0.0 32.9776 1.34 58.2 45 94.0 8.1568 26.9 0.198 0.0 32.9823 1.33 57.8 51 95.0 8.1531 26.9 0.204 0.0 32.9865 1.32 57.4 53 96.0 8.1535 25.8 0.200 0.0 32.9904 1.31 57.1 102 97.0 8.1558 24.8 0.200 0.0 32.9939 1.30 56.6 54 98.0 8.1598 23.2 0.203 0.0 33.0056 1.35 58.8 53 99.0 8.1824 23.0 0.204 0.0 33.0216 1.45 63.1 54 100.0 8.2086 21.6 0.202 0.0 33.0383 1.41 61.5 85 101.0 8.2006 20.3 0.204 0.0 33.0439 1.38 60.1 64